Embarking for Anzio and the landing on the beach. 22 Jan 44

 Landings Anzio Beach

On the morning of the 22nd January, 1944 a sea landing was carried out on the beaches of ANZIO approx.. 20 miles south of Rome. American and British troops took part in the assault. The actual landing was accomplished at 2a.m. of the morning of 22nd January, with the aid of small assault craft. This film was taken at first light and later in the morning on the beaches at ANZIO. On 21st January the film shows the infantry men transferring to the Troop carrier. At sea at last the infantry men are on board the Troop carrier working on the Landing Craft, one can also see the convoy. At dawn the boats “touch down” on the beaches. Actually the landing “zero hour” was at 2 a.m., but dawn film was the first to be obtained. The troops dash off their respective Landing Craft and march along the beach. The large Landing Craft arrive, and tanks, (Sherman). Heavy trucks towing ACK, ACK, BOFORS GUNS and other heavy vehicles begin to land on the beach. Some of these guns were stuck in the sand, and in all haste, the crew, who can be seen chasing out of the Landing Craft heave and push, to get these guns and equipment inland. The beach can be seen, obtained from a floating pier that was towed inshore. Tanks, transport, and men can be seen making their way inland. Video 642 1-4 Cameraman: Sgt. Weber Copyright Imperial War Museum (video IWM 642 1-4)

Smokescreens at the Garigliano 19 Jan 44

 Smokescreens were an essential element in the area of the River Garigliano. The Germans occupied the high ground across the river so could see all that was going on when there was not a smokescreen. Copyright Imperial War Museum.

Crossing the River Garigliano 19 Jan 44

 Film: Crossing the Garigliano. Near Minturno (Italy)

During the Allied offensive by the 5^th Army, troops have successfully established a bridgehead over the Garigliano River at various points.   The Germans, however are still within Artillery range of the river, and in consequence, movement is likely to bring down shell-fire.   The early crossings were by boat with considerable casualties. The pontoon bridges were under constant fire and needed rebuilding. There were early casualties and prisoners of war who needed repatriating.

First light on the river sees casualties being carried up. On the narrow bridgehead on the other side the Infantry are held up by mines, and a Company of Sappers file onto a pontoon raft with detecting apparatus, cast off, and slowly cross the river under mortar fire.

Sappers board a Mark II Pontoon Raft, start its outboard motor and cross the river.   This action was quite heavily mortared, but owing to the haze and smoke the bursts hardly registered.

While Sappers of the 252 Bridging Company Royal Engineers constructed a pontoon bridge and tank raft for the vehicles to follow.   The tank raft is seen in operation carrying a tank, ambulance and Jeeps.   A Bulldozer widens the approaches  and an assortment of vehicles line the road waiting for dark to cross by the reconstructed Pontoon Bridge.

The stretcher bearers bring the wounded up from the GARIGLIANO RIVER.   Then board a Mark II Pontoon Raft, start its outboard motor and cross the river.   The enemy is only 200 yards away on the opposite bank.   This action was quite heavily mortared, but owing to the haze of smoke, the bursts will probably not register.

The Pontoon Bridge further downstream has been badly damaged by German mortar fire.   Here Sappers are seen examining and reconstructing the bridge so that it can be used without delay as a jetty in conjunction with a light tank raft seen crossing beside the bridge

On the 56^th Division front a pontoon bridge was hit and partially sunk.   Some men preferred to run across the bridge and wade through the sunken portion – deeming it wiser to get wet feet.   Others preferred to remain dry and crossed in assault boats.   On the 5^th Division front at the mouth of the river, troops were ferried across on rafts – this movement obviously noticed by the enemy, as a considerable number of shells came over

Army 5 Division

No.2 Army Film and Photo Section

Cameramen:   Sgt Hopkinson

                              Sgt Weber

                              Sgt. J.R.Herbert

Copyright: Imperial War Museum (Video IWM 643/ 5-7)

https://youtu.be/PaoPh3wchYA?si=BzIbMYD8frYV_s7g&t=4 

New Information 98 Field Regiment Royal Artillery

 Book: Battle For Monte Natale Page  162

201 Guards Brigade History

NEW INFORMATION RECEIVED SINCE BOOK PUBLISHED.

T. B. Davis The Surrey & Sussex Yeomanry (98 Field Regiment) 1980.

On 22^nd January came the heartening news that 1 Division and 3 U.S. Division had landed sixty miles to the north at Anzio, only 35 miles south of Rome.   If Kesselring would react to this threat to his supply routes  by withdrawing forces from the Garigliano front there might be an end to the present stalemate.   Rome seemed suddenly more attainable.

The Regiment was now placed in support of 201 Guards Brigade and during the ensuing Observation Post reliefs “B” Troop O.P. party was heavily mortared.   With the enemy little more than a quarter of a mile away movement in any of the Regimental O.P.s in daylight was out of the question, and officers and signallers had to wait for nightfall to stretch their cramped limbs and to gain some respite from the cold and insanitary confinement of their slit-trenches on the bleak hillside.

The news from Anzio indicated that the landing had not achieved the quick success that had been hoped for, and all ranks were warned to expect a period of static warfare on the Regimental front.

22 Jan 44 Disposition of 15 Infantry Brigade troops.

 

22 Jan 44 midnight: The dispositions of 15 Infantry Brigade troops. York & Lancs.

“B” “C” “D” Cos. and HQ. East of Minturno, KOYLI and Green Howards North of Minturno and Wiltshires around Tufo. (Photo John Strafford)

2 Royal Inniskillings Fusiliers Citation: Bar to Distinguished Service Order for Lieut. Col. J.P. O’Brien-Twohig

 NEW INFORMATION RECEIVED SINCE BOOK PUBLISHED

Battle For Monte Natale page 68

 2 Royal Inniskillings Fusiliers Citation: Bar to Distinguished Service Order for Lieut. Col. J.P. O’Brien-Twohig

 ‘On the night of 17-18 Jan 44, the 2nd Battalion, The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel J. P. O’Brien-Twohig, were ordered to force a crossing of the River Garigliano and to capture the East end of the Minturno ridge. The operation involved crossing the river in assault boats, traversing a broad expanse of plain held by German machine-gun posts and finally taking the ridge itself, which was very steep and woody, protected by deeply dug entrenchments and covered by extensive minefields.

Throughout this long and difficult action Lieutenant-Colonel O’Brien-Twohig gave an inspiring example of gallantry and leadership. With complete disregard of danger, he personally organised and encouraged his men and produced a complete recovery from a succession of setbacks which might well have proved fatal to the success of the operation. During the advance, a shell fell beside him, killing two officers and four signallers. Although painfully wounded and considerably shaken, he refused all offers of assistance and evacuation and insisted on continuing to command and lead his men. The successful completion of the task was very largely due to his personal example and encouragement, and he gave an outstanding example of courage and leadership at a time when such qualities were most urgently required.

General Montgomery pins the ribbon of the DSO on Lieut. Col. J.P. O'Brien-Twohig, Officer Commanding 2nd Inniskillings. The award was won during the Sicilian campaign. Standing a few yards away is Brigadier Campbell, VC., 13th Brigade.

5 BR Infantry Division plan for crossing the River Garigliano, 17–18 Jan 44. (TNA)